Academic freedom
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, article 26. Not present in the US Constitution.
Constitutions declaring it
72 / 158
US declares it
0%
US practices it
84%
Does declaring it change anything?
Distribution of practiced scores, split by whether the constitution declares the right. If the two distributions look alike, the words on the page are not doing much work on their own.
Constitutions that declare it (72)
Constitutions that are silent (80)
Mean practiced score: 60% where declared, versus 59% where silent.
What the text actually says
Passages tagged with this topic, from the Constitute Project.
South Africa
Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, which includes- academic freedom and freedom of scientific research.
Country by country
| Country | Declared | Practiced |
|---|---|---|
| Albania | 100% | 61% |
| Algeria | 100% | 42% |
| Argentina | 100% | 79% |
| Armenia | 100% | 66% |
| Belarus | 100% | 6% |
| Belgium | 100% | 88% |
| Brazil | 100% | 79% |
| Bulgaria | 100% | 82% |
| Burma/Myanmar | 100% | 12% |
| Cambodia | 100% | 38% |
| Cape Verde | 100% | 73% |
| Central African Republic | 100% | 83% |
| Chile | 100% | 94% |
| China | 100% | 9% |
| Colombia | 100% | 80% |
| Costa Rica | 100% | 83% |
| Croatia | 100% | 64% |
| Dominican Republic | 100% | 75% |
| Ecuador | 100% | 65% |
| Egypt | 100% | 22% |
| El Salvador | 100% | 50% |
| Eritrea | 100% | 17% |
| Estonia | 100% | 89% |
| Fiji | 100% | 71% |
| Finland | 100% | 90% |
| Greece | 100% | 63% |
| Guatemala | 100% | 52% |
| Haiti | 100% | 71% |
| Honduras | 100% | 78% |
| Hungary | 100% | 46% |
| Iraq | 100% | 52% |
| Italy | 100% | 70% |
| Japan | 100% | 78% |
| Kenya | 100% | 84% |
| Kosovo | 100% | 69% |
| Laos | 100% | 23% |
| Lebanon | 100% | 62% |
| Liberia | 100% | 73% |
| Libya | 100% | 31% |
| Lithuania | 100% | 70% |
| Malawi | 100% | 73% |
| Maldives | 100% | 62% |
| Mexico | 100% | 55% |
| Moldova | 100% | 69% |
| Montenegro | 100% | 73% |
| Morocco | 100% | 59% |
| Namibia | 100% | 76% |
| Nicaragua | 100% | 1% |
| North Macedonia | 100% | 63% |
| Panama | 100% | 78% |
| Paraguay | 100% | 73% |
| Peru | 100% | 66% |
| Philippines | 100% | 50% |
| Poland | 100% | 54% |
| Portugal | 100% | 83% |
| Romania | 100% | 70% |
| Russia | 100% | 14% |
| Rwanda | 100% | 27% |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 100% | 73% |
| Slovakia | 100% | 90% |